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Why we disagree about assisted migration: Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of Canada's forests

Publication: The Forestry Chronicle
1 January 2011

Abstract

Assisted migration has been proposed as one tool to reduce some of the negative ecological consequences of climate change. The idea is to move species to locations that could better suit them climatically in the future. Although humanmediated movements are not a recent phenomenon, assisted migration has lately been the source of debate, in particular within conservation biology circles. In this paper, we outline the major perspectives that help define differing views on assisted migration and shed some light on the ethical roots of the debate in the context of Canadian forests. We emphasize that there are many different forms of assisted migration, each responding to different (often unstated) objectives and involving unique risks and benefits, thus making the debate more nuanced than often portrayed. We point out certain seeming contradictions whereby the same argument may be used to both support and oppose assisted migration. The current debate on assisted migration primarily focuses on ecological risks and benefits; however, numerous uncertainties reduce our capacity to quantitatively assess these outcomes. In fact, much of the debate can be traced back to fundamental perspectives on nature, particularly to the ethical question of whether to deliberately manage natural systems or allow them to adapt on their own. To facilitate discussion, we suggest that the focus should move towards a clearer identification of values and objectives for assisted migration.

Résumé

La migration assistée a récemment été suggérée comme outil permettant de réduire les conséquences écologiques négatives des changements climatiques. L'idée est de déplacer des espèces vers des sites qui leur conviendraient mieux dans le futur. Le déplacement d'espèces par l'homme n'est pas un phénomène nouveau. Cependant, la migration assistée a soulevé des débats récemment, particulièrement dans la sphère de la biologie de la conservation. Cet article a pour objectif de souligner les racines éthiques du débat en clarifiant les principales perspectives et visions sur la migration assistée au Canada. Le terme migration assistée s'applique à plusieurs types d'intervention, chacune correspondant à des objectifs différents (souvent non mentionnés) et impliquant des risques et bénéfices qui lui sont propres. Le débat serait en fait beaucoup plus nuancé que souvent décrit. Nous soulignons certaines contradictions où un même argument est utilisé pour supporter ou s'opposer à la migration assistée. Le débat actuel sur la migration assistée se concentre principalement sur la détermination scientifique des risques et bénéfices écologiques. Cependant, de nombreuses incertitudes réduisent notre capacité à évaluer de façon quantitative les résultats de ces interventions. Une grande partie du débat est en fait liée à notre perspective fondamentale sur la nature, particulièrement à la question éthique de la prise en charge des processus naturels. Afin de faciliter la discussion, nous suggérons que l'emphase soit dirigé vers une identification claire des valeurs et objectifs de la migration assistée.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image The Forestry Chronicle
The Forestry Chronicle
Volume 87Number 06December 2011
Pages: 755 - 765

History

Published online: 1 January 2011

Key Words

  1. assisted colonization
  2. climate change
  3. environmental ethics
  4. species conservation
  5. forest management

Mots clés

  1. colonisation assistée
  2. changement climatique
  3. éthique environnementale
  4. conservation
  5. aménagement forestier

Authors

Affiliations

I. Aubin
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, P6A 2E5.
C.M. Garbe
Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Centre-Ville Station, Montréal, H3C 3P8.
S. Colombo
Ontario Forest Research Institute, 1235 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, P6A 2E5.
C.R. Drever
The Nature Conservancy, 506-250 City Centre Avenue, Ottawa, K1R 6K7.
D.W. McKenney
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, P6A 2E5.
C. Messier
Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Centre-Ville Station, Montréal, H3C 3P8.
J. Pedlar
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, P6A 2E5.
M.A. Saner
Institute for Science, Society and Policy, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5.
L. Venier
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, P6A 2E5.
A.M. Wellstead
Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
R. Winder
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, V8Z 1M5.
E. Witten
The Nature Conservancy, 715 L Street, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA.
C. Ste-Marie
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 580 Booth St., Ottawa, K1A 0E4, Canada.

Notes

C.M. Garbe, E-mail: conny.garbe@gmail.com
S. Colombo, E-mail: steve.colombo@ontario.ca
C.R. Drever, E-mail: cdrever@tnc.org
D.W. McKenney, E-mail: Dan.McKenney@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca
C. Messier, E-mail: ch.messier@gmail.com
M.A. Saner, E-mail: msaner@uottawa.ca
L. Venier, E-mail: lvenier@nrcan.gc.ca
A.M. Wellstead, E-mail: awellste@mtu.edu
E. Witten, E-mail: ewitten@tnc.org

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2. Sylviculture d’adaptation aux changements climatiques : des concepts à la réalité Compte-rendu d’un colloque tenu au Carrefour Forêts 2019
3. Genomic tools for traceability: Opportunities, challenges and perspectives for the Canadian forestry sector

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