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Toppling in British Columbia's Lodgepole Pine Plantations: Significance, Cause and Prevention

Publication: The Forestry Chronicle
October 1986

Abstract

Young trees sometimes lean, or topple by pivoting about a point below the ground. Geotropic curvature in the lower part of the stem restores the leading shoot to the vertical. The resultant stem bowing reduces potential lumber recovery, and is associated with reaction wood formation. Toppling has occurred in lodgepole pine (Pinus conforta Dougl.) plantations throughout British Columbia. Generally the number of trees affected has been small; although in the southern interior of the province the majority of trees in some plantations have toppled. In areas where toppling in planted trees has occurred, naturally established lodgepole pine is relatively stable. Since planted trees are usually of the native provenance, this suggests that toppling in plantations is primarily the result of nursery and planting effects on root morphology. More normal root morphogenesis, and hence greater stability can be achieved by planting young seedlings that retain the capacity to initiate primary lateral roots. Pruning the lateral roots of older stock provides another approach. A chemical method for pruning lateral roots of container-grown lodgepole pine seedlings has been developed and adopted commercially in British Columbia and elsewhere.

Résumé

Les jeunes arbres ont parfois tendance à pencher ou à s'arc-bouter, à partir d'un point situé au dessous du sol. Le géotropisme dans la partie inférieure de la tige tend à ramener le méristème apical en position verticale. La tige courbée qui en résulte réduit les possibilités d'exploitation en terme de sciage, et est associée au bois formé par suite de compression. Des arbres arc-boutés sont apparus parmi les plantations de pins lodgepoles (Pinus contorta Dougl.) en Colombie Britannique. En général, le degré d'incidence de ces arbres arc-boutés est faible, même si dans la partie intérieure située au sud de la province, la majorité des arbres de quelques plantations en est affectée. Dans les zones où l'on retrouve des arbres plantés qui sont arc-boutés, la présence de pins lodgepoles naturels y est relativement stable. Puisque les arbres plantés ont pour provenance la semence locale, ceci suggère que les arbres arc-boutés découlent principalement des traitements en pépinière et des effets de la plantation sur la morphologie des racines. Une morphogénèse plus normale des racines, et par le fait, une plus grande stabilité, peuvent être introduites par la plantation de jeunes semis qui ont gardé la capacité de produire des racines principales latérales. L'élagage des racines latérales chez les semis plus agés constitue une autre approche. Une méthode chimique d'élagage latérale des racines des semis produits en récipients a été développée et appliquée commercialement en Colombie Britannique et ailleurs.

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cover image The Forestry Chronicle
The Forestry Chronicle
Volume 62Number 5October 1986
Pages: 433 - 439

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Version of record online: 21 March 2011

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23. Growth reduction and root deformation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting
24. Chemical root pruning of Chinese pine seedlings raised in cupric sulfide impregnated paper containers

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