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Partial harvests in the boreal forest: response of the understory vegetation five years after harvest

Publication: The Forestry Chronicle
14 April 2011

Abstract

In the eastern boreal forest of Canada long fire cycles allow for a significant portion of stands to become old growth. Theseold-growth boreal forest stands are subjected to secondary disturbances that create uneven structure, which supports avariety of types of organisms. In order to maintain the proportion of stands with uneven structure on the landscape, partialcuts have been suggested as a management technique that could create or maintain these uneven structures. This studycompares the effects of partial and low-retention harvests and un-harvested control on understory plants in four sites fiveyears after harvest. The relative abundance of species was examined by a habitat group. While richness did not vary amongtreatments, increasing severity of harvest favoured pioneer species that prefer disturbed mineral soil and high light levels.Sites with thicker organic layers that were harvested in the winter were significantly less impacted by both partial and lowretentionharvest. Canopy opening alone had little impact in the three most northern sites. As old-growth black spruceforests are open by nature, this suggests that soil perturbation is a bigger driver of community change after harvest thanproportion of canopy removed for this forest type.
Key words: Quebec, Picea mariana, harvest, variable retention, sustainable forest management, understory, structuralretention, vegetation

Résumé

Dans la forêt boréale de l’Est du Canada, les longs cycles de feu permettent à une portion importante des peuplementsd’évoluer en vieille forêt. Ces peuplements sont soumis à des perturbations secondaires qui entraînent la création de structuresinéquiennes servant de support à une diversité d’organisme. Afin de maintenir, dans le paysage, une proportion depeuplement ayant une structure inéquienne, il est envisagé d’utiliser les coupes partielles en tant qu’outil sylvicole dansl’aménagement forestier pour créer ou maintenir des peuplements ayant des structures proches de celles que l’on retrouvedans les vielles forêts. Cette étude compare l’effet des coupes partielles et des coupes à faible rétention sur les plantes desous-bois dans quatre dispositifs cinq ans après la récolte. L’abondance relative des espèces a été examinée par groupe d’habitat.Alors que la richesse ne variait pas parmi les traitements, l’augmentation de la sévérité de la récolte a favorisé lesespèces pionnières qui préfèrent les sols perturbés et la lumière. Les sites, où la couche de matière organique est la plusépaisse et dans lesquels la récolte a été réalisée en hiver, ont été moins affectés par les coupes partielles et de faible rétention.L’ouverture de la canopée a eu peu d’impact dans les trois sites les plus nordiques. Les vieilles forêts d’épinette noireétant ouvertes naturellement, ceci suggère que les perturbations du sol ont un rôle plus important sur les changementsdans les communautés suite à la récolte que la proportion de la canopée récoltée dans ce type de forêt.
Mots clés : Québec, Picea mariana, récolte, rétention variable, aménagement forestier durable, sous-bois, rétention structurale,végétation

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cover image The Forestry Chronicle
The Forestry Chronicle
Volume 87Number 1February 2011
Pages: 86 - 98

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Version of record online: 14 April 2011

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4. Stream Temperature Response to 50% Strip-Thinning in a Temperate Forested Headwater Catchment
5. Success Factors for Experimental Partial Harvesting in Unmanaged Boreal Forest: 10-Year Stand Yield Results
6. Changes in Deadwood and Understory Vegetation 12 Years after Partial and Clearcut Harvesting in Mixedwood Stands of Western Quebec, Canada
7. The Combined Role of Retention Pattern and Post-Harvest Site Preparation in Regulating Plant Functional Diversity: A Case Study in Boreal Forest Ecosystems
8. Initial understory response to experimental silvicultural treatments in a temperate oak-dominated forest
9. Effects of undergrowth removal and edge proximity on ground beetles and vascular plants in urban boreal forests
10. Ecosystem management in paludified boreal forests: enhancing wood production, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration at the landscape level
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13. Forest regeneration in gaps seven years after partial harvesting in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood streams
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15. Lessons learned from 12 years of ecological research on partial cuts in black spruce forests of northwestern Québec
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18. Coefficients de distribution de la régénération, cinq ans après des coupes avec protection des petites tiges marchandes appliquées dans des sapinières et des pessières noires du Québec

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